The
ideas that flourished during the early years of cognitive science had a strong
influence on the creative mind of a young psychologist named Jerome Bruner. In
1956, with col-
leagues
Jacqueline Goodnow and George Austin, Bruner, published an ingenious and im-
portant account of categorization called A Study of Tiiinking. In it, they
analyzed categoriz-
ing and
expressed their belief that it explains why humans are not overwhelmed by
environmental complexity. Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin effectively showed that
their re-
search
participants actively participated in the classification process. As you can
imagine, the great value of Bruner's work in the 1950s and 1960s lay in the
energy it supplied to the
renewed
cognitive movement. Gardner (1985) noted that Bruner's study participants were
treated as active, constructive problem solvers, rather than as passive
reactors to whatever
stimuli
were presented to them. The active construction cf solutions to problems
implies that students turn to their cultural environment for clues to aid them
in their task.
Ide-ide
yang berkembang selama tahun-tahun awal ilmu kognitif memiliki pengaruh yang
kuat pada pikiran kreatif dari seorang psikolog muda bernama Jerome Bruner.
Pada tahun 1956, dengan col
liga
Jacqueline Goodnow dan George Austin, Bruner,
255
Educational Psychology:
Effective Teaching,
Effective Learnin
Third Edition
Stephen N. Elliott
